⛏️Simple Minting dApp

Super Simple: Concordium NFT Minting dApp

Hello there! In this tutorial, we are going to implement a very basic NFT Minting dApp that can connect to the Concordium. Our application will include three buttons, one for connecting it to the web wallet, one for initializing the contract and the other will be for minting our NFT. Simply you will learn how to connect your dApp to the Concordium blockchain and how you can invoke a function from an already deployed smart contract.

We will start from scratch with an empty React application that is bootstrapped from React template and will be using material-ui. Within this very basic application, there will be 3 components for minting, initializing, and connecting the wallet. It is assumed you already set up your development environment and wallet so there will be no explanation about those steps. For that, you can check other tutorials either in my profile or Concordium’s developer portal. Anyway, let's get started.

React Project

First, set up a working directory for our dApp and then create an empty react project from the template inside it. We assume you already have yarn installed in your system and have a text editor, vscode will be used in the tutorial. To create a react project run the command below.

yarn create react-app <YOUR-DAPP-NAME> --template typescript

It will take some time to fetch & install all packages and dependencies, and when it’s all done you will have something like the below.

And when you run it you will see the template application interface.

Then we will add the dependencies for some react components from material-ui and necessary libraries from concordium-web-sdk and concordium-web-wallet-helper. To do that run the command below and yarn will install all specified packages.

yarn add @mui/material @emotion/react @mui/icons-material @emotion/styled @concordium/web-sdk @concordium/browser-wallet-api-helpers

Once you complete that, it will create a package.json file that includes all dependencies in it.

Header Component

Let’s create a file called Header.tsx that will have a button and handle our connect() to the web wallet and paste the code below.

import {
 detectConcordiumProvider,
 WalletApi,
} from "@concordium/browser-wallet-api-helpers";
import { AppBar, Toolbar, Typography, Button } from "@mui/material";
import { useState } from "react";

export default function Header(props: {
 onConnected: (provider: WalletApi, account: string) => void;
 onDisconnected: () => void;
}) {
 const [isConnected, setConnected] = useState(false);

 function connect() {
  detectConcordiumProvider()
   .then((provider) => {
    provider
     .connect()
     .then((account) => {
      setConnected(true);
      props.onConnected(provider, account!);
     })
     .catch((_) => {
      alert("Please allow wallet connection");
      setConnected(false);
     });
    provider.removeAllListeners();
    provider.on("accountDisconnected", () => {
     setConnected(false);
     props.onDisconnected();
    });
    provider.on("accountChanged", (account) => {
     props.onDisconnected();
     props.onConnected(provider, account);
     setConnected(true);
    });
    provider.on("chainChanged", () => {
     props.onDisconnected();
     setConnected(false);
    });
   })
   .catch((_) => {
    console.error(`could not find provider`);
    alert("Please download Concordium Wallet");
   });
 }

 return (
  <AppBar>
   <Toolbar>
    <Typography variant="h6" component="div" sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
     Concordium NFT Minting
    </Typography>
    <Button color="inherit" onClick={connect} disabled={isConnected}>
     {isConnected ? "Connected" : "Connect"}
    </Button>
   </Toolbar>
  </AppBar>
 );
}

And call the Header.tsx component from the App.tsx instead of its default values and if you already don't have install Concordium Web Wallet from this link. We are almost there and ready to test our Connect button!

When you click on the CONNECT button, a popup window will be open and will ask you to confirm that you’d like to connect to this application.

See how easy to connect an application with Concordium.

Now, let's add more seasons to our dApp. Minting functionality! I think you already know, but in order to call a contract you should have the contract that is implemented in Rust and deployed on the chain using concordium-client. We have covered this several times in previous tutorials, if you have any questions please check them. When you deploy a contract, Concordium gives you a module reference which is a unique hash value. We are going to need that because we are going to invoke that contract from our brand new dApp!

Initialize Component

Create another component called Initialize.tsx using this we will invoke init() function of our deployed CIS-2 NFT contract. You are definitely free (and feel encouraged) to deploy your own contract but also can use the one we are using. Because remember this data structure is public, transparent, and decentralized. The whole point is to be able to use secure and safe contracts like we am doing it now. It is fine to use the new instance of a well-known contract-like CIS2- as you will be the owner of it when you create a new instance.

We strongly suggest you use environment variables to store sensitive values but please do not push sensitive info publicly for any reason to your GitHub repos as well!

import { detectConcordiumProvider, SmartContractParameters } from "@concordium/browser-wallet-api-helpers";
import {
 AccountTransactionType,
 CcdAmount,
 InitContractPayload,
 ModuleReference,
} from "@concordium/web-sdk";
import { Button, Link } from "@mui/material";
import { Buffer } from "buffer/";
import { useState } from "react";


export default function Initialize() {

 const [hash, setHash] = useState("");

 const initialize = async () => {
  const provider = await detectConcordiumProvider();
  const account = await provider.connect();

  if (!account) {
   alert("Please connect");
  }
  var REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME="CIS2-Multi";
  var REACT_APP_MODULE_REF="312f99d6406868e647359ea816e450eac0ecc4281c2665a24936e6793535c9f6";
  const txnHash = await provider.sendTransaction(
   account!,
   AccountTransactionType.InitContract as any,
   {
    amount: new CcdAmount(BigInt(0)),
    initName: REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME,
    moduleRef: new ModuleReference(REACT_APP_MODULE_REF),
    param: Buffer.alloc(0),
    maxContractExecutionEnergy: BigInt(9999),
   } as InitContractPayload
  );

  setHash(txnHash);
 };

 return hash ? (
  <Link
   href={`https://dashboard.testnet.concordium.com/lookup/${hash}`}
   target="_blank"
  >
   View Transaction <br />
   {hash}
  </Link>
 ) : (
  <Button fullWidth variant="outlined" onClick={initialize}>
   Initialize Contract
  </Button>
 );
}

Let’s call our new component from App.tsx. This time we are going to add some UI logic with useState. Simply the activity will be depending on whether the wallet is not connected.

import "./App.css";
import Header from "./Header";
import Initialize from "./Initialize";
import { useState } from "react";
import { Container } from "@mui/material";
export default function App() {
  const [isConnected, setConnected] = useState(false);
 return (
  <div className="App">
   <Header
        onConnected={() => setConnected(true)}
        onDisconnected={() => setConnected(false)}
   />
      
      <Container sx={{ mt: 15 }}>
   {isConnected && <Initialize/>}
   </Container>

  </div>
 );
}

After these changes, our application will look like the one below. Ty the “INITIALIZE CONTRACT” button, it should pop up your web wallet to create a new instance.

Minting Component

Please create a Mint.tsx file and paste the code below, it may look a bit longer than expected by looking at the first glance but most of it does validation checks of the necessary inputs for the data that will be read out from the form while minting the NFT.

import { detectConcordiumProvider, SmartContractParameters } from "@concordium/browser-wallet-api-helpers";
import {
 AccountTransactionType,
 CcdAmount,
 serializeUpdateContractParameters,
 UpdateContractPayload,
} from "@concordium/web-sdk";
import { Button, Link, Stack, TextField, Typography } from "@mui/material";
import { FormEvent, useState } from "react";
import { Buffer } from "buffer/";

export default function Mint() {
 let [state, setState] = useState({
  checking: false,
  error: "",
  hash: "",
 });

 const submit = async (event: FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => {
  event.preventDefault();
  setState({ ...state, error: "", checking: true, hash: "" });
  const formData = new FormData(event.currentTarget);

  var formValues = {
   index: BigInt(formData.get("contractIndex")?.toString() || "-1"),
   subindex: BigInt(formData.get("contractSubindex")?.toString() || "-1"),
   metadataUrl: formData.get("metadataUrl")?.toString() || "",
   tokenId: formData.get("tokenId")?.toString() || "",
   quantity: parseInt(formData.get("quantity")?.toString() || "-1"),
  };

  if (!(formValues.index >= 0)) {
   setState({ ...state, error: "Invalid Contract Index" });
   return;
  }

  if (!(formValues.subindex >= 0)) {
   setState({ ...state, error: "Invalid Contract Subindex" });
   return;
  }

  if (!(formValues.quantity >= 0)) {
   setState({ ...state, error: "Invalid Quantity" });
   return;
  }

  if (!formValues.metadataUrl) {
   setState({ ...state, error: "Invalid Metadata Url" });
   return;
  }

  if (!formValues.tokenId) {
   setState({ ...state, error: "Invalid Token Id" });
   return;
  }

  const provider = await detectConcordiumProvider();
  const account = await provider.connect();

  if (!account) {
   alert("Please connect");
  }

  const address = { index: formValues.index, subindex: formValues.subindex };
  const paramJson = {
   owner: {
    Account: [account],
   },
   tokens: [
    [
     formValues.tokenId,
     [
      {
       url: formValues.metadataUrl,
       hash: "",
      },
      formValues.quantity.toString(),
     ],
    ],
   ],
  };

        var REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME="CIS2-Multi";
        var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

  try {
   const schemaBuffer = Buffer.from(
    REACT_APP_CONTRACT_SCHEMA!,
    "hex"
   );
   const serializedParams = serializeUpdateContractParameters(
    REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME!,
    "mint",
    paramJson,
    schemaBuffer
   );
   const txnHash = await provider.sendTransaction(
    account!,
    AccountTransactionType.Update as any,
    {
     address,
     message: serializedParams,
     receiveName: `${REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME!}.mint`,
     amount: new CcdAmount(BigInt(0)),
     maxContractExecutionEnergy: BigInt(9999),
    } as UpdateContractPayload,
    paramJson as SmartContractParameters,
    schemaBuffer.toString("base64")
   );

   setState({ checking: false, error: "", hash: txnHash });
  } catch (error: any) {
   setState({ checking: false, error: error.message || error, hash: "" });
  }
 };

 return (
  <Stack
   component={"form"}
   spacing={2}
   onSubmit={submit}
   autoComplete={"true"}
  >
   <TextField
    id="contract-index"
    name="contractIndex"
    label="Contract Index"
    variant="standard"
    type={"number"}
    disabled={state.checking}
   />
   <TextField
    id="contract-subindex"
    name="contractSubindex"
    label="Contract Sub Index"
    variant="standard"
    type={"number"}
    disabled={state.checking}
    value={0}
   />
   <TextField
    id="metadata-url"
    name="metadataUrl"
    label="Metadata Url"
    variant="standard"
    disabled={state.checking}
   />
   <TextField
    id="token-id"
    name="tokenId"
    label="Token Id"
    variant="standard"
    disabled={state.checking}
    defaultValue="01"
   />
   <TextField
    id="quantity"
    name="quantity"
    label="Token Quantity"
    variant="standard"
    type="number"
    disabled={state.checking}
    defaultValue="1"
   />
   {state.error && (
    <Typography component="div" color="error">
     {state.error}
    </Typography>
   )}
   {state.checking && <Typography component="div">Checking..</Typography>}
   {state.hash && (
    <Link
     href={`https://dashboard.testnet.concordium.com/lookup/${state.hash}`}
     target="_blank"
    >
     View Transaction <br />
     {state.hash}
    </Link>
   )}
   <Button
    type="submit"
    variant="contained"
    fullWidth
    size="large"
    disabled={state.checking}
   >
    Mint
   </Button>
  </Stack>
 );
}

In the function above there are 2 important parts you need to be careful about first the connection with the wallet and second the transaction parameters. To make sure these are provided, add a control that checks if the wallet is already connected successfully.

Then you need to create the parameters based on the form data, which will be the inputs of our minting function like address, paramJson, schemaBuffer, and serializedParams all of these will be our parameters while invoking the mint() function with provider.sendTransaction()

const provider = await detectConcordiumProvider();
  const account = await provider.connect();

  if (!account) {
   alert("Please connect");
  }

  const address = { index: formValues.index, subindex: formValues.subindex };
  const paramJson = {
   owner: {
    Account: [account],
   },
   tokens: [
    [
     formValues.tokenId,
     [
      {
       url: formValues.metadataUrl,
       hash: "",
      },
      formValues.quantity.toString(),
     ],
    ],
   ],
  };

  var REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME="CIS2-Multi";
  var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  try {
   const schemaBuffer = Buffer.from(
    REACT_APP_CONTRACT_SCHEMA!,
    "hex"
   );
   const serializedParams = serializeUpdateContractParameters(
    REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME!,
    "mint",
    paramJson,
    schemaBuffer
   );
   const txnHash = await provider.sendTransaction(
    account!,
    AccountTransactionType.Update as any,
    {
     address,
     message: serializedParams,
     receiveName: `${REACT_APP_CONTRACT_NAME!}.mint`,
     amount: new CcdAmount(BigInt(0)),
     maxContractExecutionEnergy: BigInt(9999),
    } as UpdateContractPayload,
    paramJson,
    schemaBuffer.toString("base64")
   );

If everything goes well, you will have something like the one below. Before this don't forget to add your Mint component to the App.tsx

<Container sx={{ mt: 15 }}>
   {isConnected && <Initialize/>}
   {isConnected && <Mint/>}
   </Container>

Let’s try it! First, initialize our contract, and fill out the form with the necessary inputs. If you need some help with Metadata you can check this tutorial.